Each diffraction order can be utilized as a single optical channel for spectroscopic analysis. This eliminates the requirement of convergence optics as used in conventional spectrometer systems. The instrument utilizes diffraction grating holographic imaging to converge and capture the multiple diffraction orders simultaneously within the limited field-of-view of the smartphone’s camera detector. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream 2D and 3D categories are summarized, followed by a perspective on future research directions.Ī multichannel smartphone spectrometer exploiting multiple identical diffraction orders of a customized 2D diffractive element is reported. Next, the potential applications of these scatterers are outlined. The fabrication methods, mechanisms, and relationships between the structural parameters and optical modulating performances are discussed for each category. The scatterers are categorized into 2D, 3D, and other types according to the dimensions of their functioning structures. This article presents recent advances in the development of mechanoresponsive scatterers and compares different structural design strategies.
Because there is no energy consumption to maintain the transparency/opacity, this novel scheme for scatterers holds great promise to break the existing bottleneck. Recently, mechanoresponsive scatterers based on a strain-driven reconfiguration of the surface or internal structure have emerged, featuring fast responses and a simple composition/fabrication. However, the development of these scatterers, which are mostly activated by electric fields, is hindered by their intrinsic energy consumption, slow responses, and poor stability. Smart chromatic materials with optical transmittances that can be modified by light scattering upon external stimuli are attracting extensive interest because of their appealing applications in smart windows, privacy protection, electronic displays, etc.
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